CalcI_Limits_Solutions Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

CalcI_Limits_Solutions Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers CALCULUS I Solutions to Practice Problems Limits Paul Dawkins Calculus I Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Limits.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Rates of Change and Tangent Lines......................................................................................................... 2 The Limit..................................................................................................................................................12 One-Sided Limits .....................................................................................................................................20 Limit Properties.......................................................................................................................................27 Computing Limits ....................................................................................................................................36 Infinite Limits ..........................................................................................................................................43 Limits At Infinity, Part I...........................................................................................................................56 Limits At Infinity, Part II .........................................................................................................................68 Continuity.................................................................................................................................................75 The Definition of the Limit......................................................................................................................90 2007 Paul Dawkins i http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I Preface Here are the solutions to the practice problems for my Calculus I notes. Some solutions will have more or less detail than other solutions. The level of detail in each solution will depend up on several issues. If the section is a review section, this mostly applies to problems in the first chapter, there will probably not be as much detail to the solutions given that the problems really should be review. As the difficulty level of the problems increases less detail will go into the basics of the solution under the assumption that if youve reached the level of working the harder problems then you will probably already understand the basics fairly well and wont need all the explanation. This document was written with presentation on the web in mind. On the web most solutions are broken down into steps and many of the steps have hints. Each hint on the web is given as a popup however in this document they are listed prior to each step. Also, on the web each step can be viewed individually by clicking on links while in this document they are all showing. Also, there are liable to be some formatting parts in this document intended for help in generating the web pages that havent been removed here. These issues may make the solutions a little difficult to follow at times, but they should still be readable. Limits Rates of Change and Tangent Lines 1. For the function ( ) ( ) 2 fx x = + 3 2 and the point P given by x = 3 answer each of the following questions. (a) For the points Q given by the following values of x compute (accurate to at least 8 decimal places) the slope, mPQ , of the secant line through points P and Q. (i) -3.5 (ii) -3.1 (iii) -3.01 (iv) -3.001 (v) -3.0001 (vi) -2.5 (vii) -2.9 (viii) -2.99 (ix) -2.999 (x) -2.9999 (b) Use the information from (a) to estimate the slope of the tangent line to f x( ) at x = 3 and write down the equation of the tangent line. 2007 Paul Dawkins 2 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I (a) For the points Q given by the following values of x compute (accurate to at least 8 decimal places) the slope, mPQ , of the secant line through points P and Q. (i) -3.5 (ii) -3.1 (iii) -3.01 (iv) -3.001 (v) -3.0001 (vi) -2.5 (vii) -2.9 (viii) -2.99 (ix) -2.999 (x) -2.9999 [Solution] The first thing that we need to do is set up the formula for the slope of the secant lines. As discussed in this section this is given by, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 33 2 3 3 3 PQ fx f x m x x + = = + Now, all we need to do is construct a table of the value of mPQ for the given values of x. All of the values in the table below are accurate to 8 decimal places, but in this case the values terminated prior to 8 decimal places and so the trailing zeros are not shown. x mPQ x mPQ -3.5 -7.5 -2.5 -4.5 -3.1 -6.3 -2.9 -5.7 -3.01 -6.03 -2.99 -5.97 -3.001 -6.003 -2.999 -5.997 -3.0001 -6.0003 -2.9999 -5.9997 (b) Use the information from (a) to estimate the slope of the tangent line to f x( ) at x = 3 and write down the equation of the tangent line. [Solution] From the table of values above we can see that the slope of the secant lines appears to be moving towards a value of -6 from both sides of x = 3 and so we can estimate that the slope of the tangent line is : m = 6 . The equation of the tangent line is then, y f mx = + = + = ( 3 3 3 6 3 ) ( ( )) ( x ) y x6 15 Here is a graph of the function and the tangent line. 2007 Paul Dawkins 3 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I 2. For the function gx x ( ) = + 4 8 and the point P given by x = 2 answer each of the following questions. (a) For the points Q